Psychology
| Physical development | |
| Prenatal, infancy, and toddlerhood (pre-birth to 2 years) | Limited or restricted physical activities, for example, living the baby in the crib is a risky factor that can trigger numerous health complications including slower development of muscle tissues and body impairments in all spheres of growth. The muscle tissues already increases little by little during the infancy period(p. 121) Infants that are breastfed are unlikely to experience medic al problems, while those that are rarely breastfed are susceptible to more health complications, for example, ear infections and cold (p. 130) |
| In early childhood (3 to 6 years) | The infant is likely to experience a delay in motor development, particularly those that lack continuous care and proper attention by the parents (p.137) An infant that is actively involved in various childhood activities is likely to minimize the likelihood of falling. Active children are intelligent enough to know where to jump or move steadily (p. 142) |
| Cognitive development | |
| In infancy and toddlerhood | Insufficient nutrients during prenatal stage can trigger adverse effects on the neurocognitive growth of the child (p. 92) & (p. 130) |
| In early childhood (3 to 6 years) | An effective preschool program can produce positive effects on the language development (p.124) Lack of sufficient nutrition during the infancy stage may trigger certain issues for the school-going children , for instance, lower level of intelligence, poor coordination and inattentiveness (p.132) |
| Socioemotional development | |
| In infancy and toddlerhood | Conditional responsiveness triggers the enhancement of attachment between the infant and caregiver (p. 134) & (p. 183) Depression from the parents can affect the relationship between the child and the parent as well as trigger other growth problems (p.186) |
| In early childhood (3 to 6 years) | An infant that spends the first few years of their life deprived of some nutrients or any other thing may experience some challenges when trying to relate with their parents. (p. 199) |
References
Monk, C., Georgieff, M. K., & Osterholm, E. A. (2013). Maternal prenatal distress and poor nutrition – mutually influencing risk factors affecting infant neurocognitive development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 54(2), 115–130. http://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12000
Physical Activity in Early Childhood: Setting the Stage for Lifelong Healthy Habits. (2011). Parenting Series. Retrieved from: http://www.excellence- earlychildhood.ca/documents/Parenting_2011- 04.pdf